Fundamental Rights

UPSC notes on Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35) — the six rights, who can claim them, restrictions, suspension during emergencies, and landmark judgments.

SyllabusGS II · Indian Constitution — historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure

Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12–35) is the most-asked block in UPSC Polity. Prelims tests the exact articles and their exceptions; Mains tests how courts have expanded them — equality, liberty and dignity read together.

The six Fundamental Rights

Right	Articles
Right to Equality	14–18
Right to Freedom	19–22
Right against Exploitation	23–24
Right to Freedom of Religion	25–28
Cultural and Educational Rights	29–30
Right to Constitutional Remedies	32

The Right to Property was removed from Part III by the 44th Amendment (1978) and is now a constitutional (legal) right under Article 300A.